Beginner
Start here — what research peptides are, how they're tested, how to read a COA.
What Are Research Peptides?
A plain-English primer on research peptides: what they are, how they differ from clinical-grade compounds, and how scientists actually use them.
What Is Research Grade?
What 'research grade' actually means in 2025, what the minimum purity bar should be, and how to tell a real research-grade supplier from a marketing one.
Understanding Certificates of Analysis (COAs)
How to read a peptide COA: purity by HPLC, identity by mass spec, batch codes, retention time and the signature block.
Peptide Storage Guide
How to store lyophilised and reconstituted research peptides to preserve potency: temperature, light, moisture and time windows.
Understanding Purity Testing
Why HPLC + mass spectrometry is the gold standard for verifying research peptide purity and identity.
Intermediate
Lab procedures — reconstitution, storage, HPLC fundamentals, handling technique.
Peptide Reconstitution Guide
Step-by-step procedure for reconstituting lyophilised research peptides with bacteriostatic water, including dose-per-unit math.
Understanding HPLC Testing
How HPLC quantifies peptide purity: column chemistry, gradient methods, detection wavelengths, and how to read the resulting chromatogram.
Peptide Stability
What degrades a peptide over time — oxidation, hydrolysis, aggregation — and how storage choices push the stability curve.
Proper Storage Procedures
Lab procedures for receiving, logging, storing and tracking research peptide inventory at 2–8°C and -20°C.
Laboratory Handling Techniques
Best practices for pipetting, aliquoting, weighing and dispensing research peptides without compromising integrity.
Advanced
Analytical chemistry — mass spec, chromatogram interpretation, methodology, testing standards.
Mass Spectrometry Explained
ESI-MS and MALDI-TOF for peptide identity confirmation: ionisation, m/z, charge states and how to interpret the spectrum on your COA.
Chromatogram Interpretation
How to read peptide HPLC chromatograms: main peak, shoulders, baseline noise, deletion sequences and oxidation byproducts.
Peptide Purity Analysis
End-to-end purity analysis workflow: sample prep, method selection, calibration, integration, and reporting.
Research Methodologies
Choosing the right in-vitro model for peptide research: receptor binding, cell viability, signalling assays and stability studies.
Laboratory Testing Standards
Pharmacopoeial and ISO references for peptide testing: USP <1503>, Ph. Eur. peptide monographs, ISO 17025-aligned analytical practice.